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The effect of urbanization on life-history strategies in birds
Houšková, Karolína ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Poláková, Simona (referee)
Urbanisation process is recently a wide-spread process that causes high-impact environmental transformation. Habitats affected by urbanization tend to change substantially and ongoing changes influence organisms living in this environment. Urban environment modifies many abiotic conditions (e.g. temperature, artificial light and noise) and biotic factors (e.g. food supply, parasite prevalence, predation pressure) in comparison to natural habitats. In this manner, especially urban bird populations have recently gained broad attention by an increasing number of ecologists. Urban avoiders - typically sensitive and specialized bird species often vanish from urbanized landscapes. However, many bird species were able to colonize urban environment and coexist successfully with man. Populations of birds living in such a new type of environment show many characteristics different from populations living in original habitats. The objective of this work is to review current studies about changes of life strategies in urban bird populations such as modifications of acoustic signals, differences in reproductive and food ecology and physiological or behavioural responses.
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Pollination in urban ecosystems
Krygielová, Anna ; Janovský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Mikát, Michael (referee)
Pollination success in the urban area mainly depends on the characteristics of plant populations and their pollinators, which are determined by the structure and characteristics of the urban ecosystem. Urbanization is a complex and uneven integration of landscape attributes such as habitat fragmentation, a high proportion of built-up area, the often limited size of green areas, and lower connectivity between them. These particular predictors have different effects on plant and pollinator abundance and species diversity. In general, an increasing level of urbanisation reduces the quantity and quality of pollination and therefore negatively affects the reproductive success of plants. On the other hand, in comparison with intensive agricultural landscapes urban areas (especially urban fringes and semi-natural urban areas) can contribute to the diversity, abundance, and reproductive success of plants and the diversity and abundance of their pollinators. This potentially positive influence of the city on biodiversity can be further developed through effective urban planning and appropriate management of existing public and private green areas in the city. Keywords: pollination, urban ecosystems, urbanisation, urban characteristics, urban green spaces, plant-pollinator interactions, plant reproductive success
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Population density and its relation to selected demographic and social indicators
Zalubil, Jakub ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Čermák, Zdeněk (referee)
The topic of this thesis is the analysis of the relationship between population density and demographic behavior, which is expressed in this work by values of selected socio- - demographic indicators - total fertility, life expectancy, age index, standardized mortality and urbanization rates in selected European countries. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part defines trends in the development of population concentration and values of selected socio-demographic indicators in European countries. The second part of the thesis identifies the dependence of values of selected indicators on the population concentration and differences between the urban and the rural environment. The context is examined by the cluster, the correlation and the regression analysis. The results are also presented using cartograms. Analyses has shown that population density is likely to have an impact on selected demographic and social indicators at the European level. In the European cohesion regions (NUTS 2), the correlation between population density and other socio-demographic indicators was no longer apparent. Key words: demographic indicators; population aging population density; rural; urbanisation
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Negotiating the Place for a Dance
Stavělová, Daniela
The text focuses on the observation of the process during the features of traditional culture are transformed for the purposes of the present urban context. The study explores a rural carnival (called masopust in Czech Republic) in some districts of Prague since the early 1990s into a present festivity involving local people as participants. The process of rethinking carnival and (re)constructing the dance and music repertory is studied from the perspective of urbanisation. The contribution is based on the observation of the dichotomy of public/private space appropriated by the dance. Its goal is to disclose the role of the recent music and dance repertory in the process of local identity building.
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The origins of Bohemian Oppida: The Role of the Mediterranean and the Urbanisation processes in the European Iron Age
Kysela, Jan ; Salač, Vladimír (advisor) ; Bouzek, Jan (referee) ; Vitali, Daniele (referee)
The presented study analyses on the example of Bohemia the question in what extent the creation of oppida (and more broadly the cultural transformation of the Transalpine world in the recent La Tène period) were influenced by Mediterranean impulses and to what extent they may be on the other hand considered as a local phenomenon. The historical and chronological background are studied in detail, the question itself is approached by an analysis of the corpus of Mediterranean imports in central Europe intended to evaluate the role of Bohemia (within the central European context) in the contacts with the Mediterranean. In the concluding chapter the oppida and their settlement systems are confronted with the Mediterranean towns. The contacts with the Mediterranean turn out to have been constant and significant for the Transalpine word, the oppida, however, seem to be a largely local phenomenon. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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